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The Intellectual Devotional: Revive Your Mind, Complete Your Education, and Roam Confidently with the Cultured Class, by David S. Kidder Noah D. Oppenheim
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About the Author
DAVID S. KIDDER is an entrepreneur with a wide range of technology and marketing experience. Kidder and his companies have appeared in articles in the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal, USA Today, and other publications. He lives in Westchester, New York, with his wife Johanna, their new baby, Jack, and Bella, their charismatic dog.NOAH D. OPPENHEIM, a producer of NBC's Today show, has extensive experience in television and print journalism. He has produced and reported for Scarborough Country and Hardball with Chris Matthews, and his writing has appeared in Esquire, the Wall Street Journal, Men's Health, and the Weekly Standard. He lives in New York City with his wife Allison.
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The Alphabet In circa 2000 BC, the Egyptian pharaohs realized they had a problem. With each military victory over their neighbors, they captured and enslaved more prisoners of war. But the Egyptians could not pass down written orders to these slaves as they could not read hieroglyphics.Early writing systems, such as Egyptian hieroglyphics, were extremely cumbersome and difficult to learn. These systems had thousands of characters, with each symbol representing an idea or word. Memorizing them could take years. Only a handful of Egyptians could actually read and write their complicated script.Linguists believe that almost all modern alphabets are derived from the simplified version of hieroglyphics devised by the Egyptians four thousand years ago to communicate with their slaves. The development of an alphabet, the writing system used throughout the Western world, changed the way the ancients communicated.In the simplified version, each character represented only a sound. This innovation cut back the number of characters from a few thousand to a few dozen, making it far easier to learn and use the characters. The complicated hieroglyphic language was eventually forgotten, and scholars were not able to translate the characters until the discovery of the Rosetta stone in 1799.The alphabet was extremely successful. When the Egyptian slaves eventually migrated back to their home countries, they took the writing system with them. The alphabet spread across the Near East, becoming the foundation for many writing systems in the area, including Hebrew and Arabic. The Phoenicians, an ancient civilization of seaborne traders, spread the alphabet to the tribes they encountered along the Mediterranean coast. The Greek and Roman alphabets, in turn, were based on the ancient Phoenician script. Today most Western languages, including English, use the Roman alphabet.Additional Facts 1. Several letters in modern-day English are direct descendents of ancient Egyptian characters. For instance, the letter B derives from the Egyptian character for the word house.2. The most recent edition of the Oxford English Dictionary contains 171,476 words in current usage, among the most of any language. Ulysses James Joyce's Ulysses (1922) is widely regarded as the greatest novel written in English in the twentieth century. It retells Homer's Odyssey in the context of a single day-June 16, 1904-in Dublin, Ireland, recasting Homer's great hero Odysseus in the unlikely guise of Leopold Bloom, an aging, cuckolded ad salesman who spends the day running errands and making various business appointments before he returns home at long last.Though Bloom seems unassuming and ordinary, he emerges as a heroic figure, displaying compassion, forgiveness, and generosity toward virtually everyone in the odd cast of characters he meets. In his mundane and often unnoticed deeds, he practices an everyday heroism that is perhaps the only heroism possible in the modern world. And despite the fact that he always feels like an outsider-he is a Jew in overwhelmingly Catholic Ireland-Bloom remains optimistic and dismisses his insecurities.Ulysses is celebrated for its incredibly rich portraits of characters, its mind-boggling array of allusions to other literary and cultural works, and its many innovations with language. Throughout the course of the novel, Joyce flirts with literary genres and forms ranging from drama to advertising copy to Old English. The novel is perhaps most famous for its extensive use of stream-of-consciousness narrative-Joyce's attempt to render the inner thoughts of his characters exactly as they occur, with no effort to impose order or organization. This technique became a hallmark of modernist literature and influenced countless other writers, such as Virginia Woolf and William Faulkner, who also experimented with it in their works.Not surprisingly, Ulysses poses a difficult journey for the reader, especially its famous last chapter, which recounts the thoughts of Bloom's wife, Molly. Molly's reverie goes on for more than 24,000 words yet is divided into only eight mammoth sentences. Despite the challenge it poses, the chapter shows Joyce at his most lyrical, especially in the final lines, which reaffirm Molly's love for her husband despite her infidelity:and then he asked me would I yes to say yes my mountain flower and first I put my arms around him yes and drew him down to me so he could feel my breasts all perfume yes and his heart was going like mad and yes I said yes I will Yes.Additional Fact 1. Ulysses was banned for obscenity in the United States for nearly twelve years because of its (mostly indirect) sexual imagery. Lascaux Cave Paintings The cave paintings at Lascaux are among the earliest known works of art. They were discovered in 1940 near the village of Montignac in central France when four boys stumbled into a cave. Inside they found a series of rooms with nearly 1,500 paintings of animals that were between 15,000 and 17,000 years old.There are several theories regarding the function of the paintings. A natural feature of the cave may have suggested the shape of an animal to a prehistoric observer who then added highlights to relay his vision to others. Since many of the paintings are located in inaccessible parts of the cave, they may have been used for magical practices. Possibly, prehistoric people believed that the act of drawing animals, especially with a high degree of accuracy, would bring the beasts under their control or increase their numbers in times of scarcity.The animals are outlined or portrayed in silhouette. They are often shown in what is called twisted perspective, that is, with their heads in profile but their horns facing front. Many of the images include dots, linear patterns, and other designs that may carry symbolic meaning.The most magnificent chamber of the cave, known as the Great Hall of the Bulls, contains a painted narrative. From left to right, the pictures depict the chase and capture of a bison herd.As soon as the paintings had been examined and identified as Paleolithic, the caves were opened to the public in 1948. By 1955, however, it became increasingly evident that exposure to as many as 1,200 visitors per day was taking its toll on the works inside. Although protective measures were taken, the site closed in 1963. In order to satisfy public demand, a life- sized replica of the cave was completed in 1983, only 200 meters from the original.Additional Facts 1. The cave painters were conscious of visual perspective; they painted figures high on the wall, styled so that they would not appear distorted to the viewer below.2. The only human figure depicted in the cave appears in the Shaft of the Dead Man. The fact that it is drawn more crudely than the animals suggests that they did not think it was endowed with magical properties. Cloning In 1997, a baby sheep named Dolly introduced the world to reproductive cloning. She was a clone because she and her mother shared the same nuclear DNA; in other words, their cells carried the same genetic material. They were like identical twins reared generations apart.Scientists at the Roslin Institute in Scotland created Dolly by a process called nuclear transfer. Taking the genetic material from an adult donor cell, they transferred it into an unfertilized egg whose genetic material had been removed. In Dolly's case, the donor cell came from the mammary gland of a six-year-old Finn Dorset ewe. The researchers then gave the egg an electric shock, and it began dividing into an embryo.One of the reasons Dolly's creation was so astounding was that it proved to the scientific community that a cell taken from a specialized part of the body could be used to create a whole new organism. Before Dolly, almost all scientists believed that once a cell became specialized it could only produce other specialized cells: A heart cell could only make heart cells, and a liver cell could only make liver cells. But Dolly was made entirely from a cell extracted from her mother's mammary gland, proving that specialized cells could be completely reprogrammed.In many ways, Dolly was not like her mother. For example, her telomeres were too short. Telomeres are thin strands of protein that cap off the ends of chromosomes, the structures that carry genes. Although no one is sure exactly what telomeres do, they seem to help protect and repair our cells. As we age, our telomeres get shorter and shorter. Dolly received her mother's six-year-old telomeres, so from birth, Dolly's telomeres were shorter than the average lamb her age. Although Dolly appeared to be mostly normal, she was put to sleep in 2004 at the age of six, after suffering from lung cancer and crippling arthritis. The average Finn Dorset sheep lives to age eleven or twelve.Additional Facts 1. Since 1997, cattle, mice, goats, and pigs have been successfully cloned using nuclear transfer.2. The success rate for cloning is very low in all species. Published studies report that about 1 percent of reconstructed embryos survive birth. But since unsuccessful attempts largely go unreported, the actual number might be much lower.3. Before she died, Dolly was the mother of six lambs, all bred the old- fashioned way.4. A group of Korean researchers claimed to have cloned a human embryo in 1998, but their experiment was terminated at the 4-cell stage, so there was no evidence of their success. The Basics Music is organized sound that can be replicated through imitation or notation. Music is distinct from noise in that the sounds of a door creaking open or fingernails on a blackboard are irregular and disorganized. The sound waves that map these noises are complex and cannot be heard as identifiable pitches.Some of the basic ways that we analyze musical sounds are:Pitch: How high or how low a sound is to the ear. Pitch is measured technically by the frequency of a sound wave, or how often waves repeat themselves. In western music there are twelve unique pitches (C, C-sharp or D-flat, D, D-sharp or E-flat, E, F, F-sharp or G-flat, G, G-sharp or A- flat, A, A-sharp or B-flat, and B). The pitches followed by sharps or flats are called accidentals, and they are most easily described as the black keys on the piano keyboard. They are located musically, one half step between the two pitches on either side of them. For example, D-sharp and E- flat have the same pitch. When referring to pitches in the context of notated, or written music, they are called notes.Scale: A stepwise arrangement of pitches (for example, C, D, E, F, G, A, B, C) that often serves as the basis for a melody. A piece, or a portion of a piece, will often use only notes found in a particular scale. Western music primarily uses the major scale or the minor scale, in one form or another. To most people, the major scale, because of its particular arrangement of pitches, has the quality of sounding "bright," "happy," or "positive." A minor scale, likewise, is usually described as "dark," "sad," or "pessimistic."Key: An arrangement or system of pitches, usually based on one of the major or minor scales, that is meant to serve as a reference point and a guiding force of a melody. The tonic of a key is often the starting and ending point for a piece written in a particular key-so if a piece is in E major, then the pitch E will serve as the piece's tonal center.Additional Facts 1. All of these basic elements can be notated on the staff, which is a repeating set of five parallel horizontal lines. Often it is divided into measures to indicate metric divisions in the piece and marked at the beginning of each staff of the page with a clef to indicate reference points for identifying pitches.2. When a piece strays from its basic key, this is called modulation. Keys are indicated in written music by a key signature at the beginning of each staff.3. There are hundreds of scales used in the world's many different musical cultures. In India, music played on the sitar and other instruments chooses pitches from a collection of twenty-two possibilities, with the distances between scale steps sometimes larger and sometimes smaller than those used in Western music. This can make differences between pitches extremely subtle and demands a high virtuosity from Indian classical musicians. Appearance and Reality Throughout its history, one of the great themes of philosophy has been the distinction between appearance and reality. This distinction was central to the thought of the earliest philosophers, called the Presocratics, because they lived before Socrates.The Presocratics believed that the ultimate nature of reality was vastly different from the way it ordinarily appeared to them. For instance, one philosopher named Thales held that appearances notwithstanding, all reality was ultimately composed of water; Heraclitus thought the world was buitlt from fire. Further, Heraclitus maintained that everything was constantly in motion. Another thinker, Parmenides, insisted that nothing actually moved and that all apparent motion was an illusion.The Presocratics took seriously the possibility that all of reality was ultimately made up of some more fundamental substance. And they suspected that uncritical, everyday observation tends to present us with a misleading picture of the world. For these reasons, their thinking is often considered a precursor to modern science as well as philosophy.Many later philosophers-including Plato, Spinoza, and Leibniz-followed in this tradition and presented alternative models of reality, which they claimed were closer to the truth than ordinary, commonsense views of the world.Additional Facts 1. The distinction between appearance and reality is also central to the venerable philosophical tradition known as skepticism.2. Immanuel Kant also addressed the difference between appearance and reality. He distinguished between things we experience and what he called a "thing-in-itself." Torah The Torah is the name generally given to the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, or the Five Books of Moses. Christians refer to these books as the Old Testament. The word Torah can also refer to the entire breadth of Jewish law encompassing several texts as well as oral traditions.The Five Books of Moses are the basis for the 613 laws that govern the Jewish faith, and they are the foundation for the world's three great monotheistic faiths-Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. They are as follows:Genesis: Tells the story of creation as well as the history of the Israelites, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob and their families Exodus: Recounts the exodus from Egypt to Canaan, including Moses receiving the Ten Commandments Leviticus: Contains the rules and practices of worship Numbers: Relates the journey of the Israelites in the wilderness Deuteronomy: Consists of speeches made by Moses at the end of his life that recount Israelite history and ethical teachingsThe five books are traditionally believed to have been given to Moses on Mount Sinai. Alternative theories claim the beginning of the Torah was given on Mount Sinai but that the revelation continued throughout Moses's life.
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Product details
Hardcover: 375 pages
Publisher: Rodale Books; Rough cut edition (October 3, 2006)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 1594865132
ISBN-13: 978-1594865138
Product Dimensions:
5.5 x 1.2 x 8.2 inches
Shipping Weight: 1.1 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
Average Customer Review:
4.4 out of 5 stars
421 customer reviews
Amazon Best Sellers Rank:
#19,966 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
My ex-boyfriend stole my copy of this, and I liked it so much that I just bought another one.
If you are thinking of buying this book, you should know what you'll be getting. I learned a lot by reading this book, but I suspect that I also absorbed many errors. In MANY of the entries on topics that I already knew something about there were noticeable errors -- mostly minor, but mistakes nonetheless -- which makes me wonder how many errors I absorbed by reading the entries on topics with which I was less familiar. If you don't mind picking up some false information along the way, you may like this book. One other note: I purchased the paperback version, but the print was so small that I then purchased the Kindle edition (which allows you to adjust the font size) so that I could actually read it. So if you find reading really small font difficult, go with the Kindle edition.
I absolutely love these books, the 5 devotional books in this series. The range of information contained within is pretty diverse and each page is different than the previous or the one after, in terms of what I'd expect to see and read about. I have all 5 books now, and I'm really looking forward to reading and absorbing as much info as possible from them. The quality of these books is good, regardless of many of the negative reviews that address the subject. The pages are unevenly cut on the one side of the book, but the top and bottom of the books, the pages are cut evenly. This leads me to believe that the uneven cut of the pages on the side of the book is intentional. Reminds me of books from hundreds of years ago, the way the pages are unevenly cut. I find myself carrying one of these books around with me, for something to read when I only have time to read a page or two, to have something interesting and different to read each time. I really like these books, and I'd recommend them to anyone who has a hunger for knowledge, and/or someone who wants to read but has little time to do so because they lead a busy life. If I had to address anything about these books that would be a realistic critique without being overly critical, it'd be the size of the text. It's on the small side, but I personally have no difficulty reading it. Others may need to put on their reading glasses. Other than that, I see no reason to complain about any of the 'Intellectual Devotional' books. They're pretty great in my opinion. I definitely recommend.
I keep this book on my coffee table and when I'm bored and about to browse on my phone, I'll read one page- it does a great job summarizing a topic or subject and get me thinking. Such a simple book and idea that stimulates thoughtful learning while educating!
Remember that movie "Good Will Hunting" ? In the bar up at Harvard, Matt Damon totally destroys the arrogant undergrad in a battle of history. What a scene eh? Well, by the end of this book, you'll be on a par with the undergrad, so don't pick any intellectual arguments in bars. That's my warning.365 insights into historical events and people who shape or add to the tapestry that is the United states. Great conversation starters or, should someone mention a historical figure you will at least be able to say "Oh yeah, the guy who wrote the National Anthem right?"If you read one page a day, one year later you will probably have learned a few things you didn't already know. Also, these pages serve as good triggers, if your intellect is aroused, into further research.I enjoyed reading the pages, they are concise, and highlight the element(s) of the person that has them suspended in history.Well worth your time.
My friend recommended this book to me because I was talking to him about how I wanted to learn more about "general knowledge" but didn't want to read a huge textbook. He said that he had found this book in the bookstore and the premise is that you read 1 page a day and it will teach you about different areas of knowledge from the arts to the sciences to literature. I bought the book about 3 months ago and have been reading 1 page a night. It's amazing how knowledge you can gain from just reading 1 page a night. It's been great because if I come across something that I want to learn more about since 1 page really is not a lot, I just research it further on the web. Overall, a great book and I will purchase the rest of the series because I have also told myself that I should learn more about American History. Well, lo and behold, there's an Intellectual Devotional book devoted solely on American History!
I really like this book, fun to take to kids sporting events as you don't get immersed in a whole chapter. One page at a time. Plus gives a really nice story with how each one fits together overall. I had checked this book out at the local library, and purchased it to have in my own collection.
If you want to broaden your knowledge base on all types of topics, this is it. The days are quick and easy to read and I can bet the first 30 days you will learn at least 3 new things that you didn't know. My mom gave me this in the hardback form but I also purchased the kindle format so I could change the font size. I have given numerous copies as gifts to my nerdy friends and they all have loved it.
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